ASSE Legionella Assessment and Management for Plumbing Systems (LAMPS) Practice Exam

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• After collection, samples should be delivered to the laboratory within how many days?
• According to studies, adults will incur first degree burns after ______ of contact with water at 60 degrees Celsius.
• Cooling tower water treatment typically involves which of the following?
• Are flow diagrams required to be to scale and include every detail of a plumbing system?
• What is the initial action recommended upon finding Legionella in a water sample from a building?
• What must building operators do for a successful Legionella testing program?
• What is the main purpose of flow diagrams in the context of water systems?
• What is the primary purpose of sampling in Legionella control programs?
• What is one of the recommended actions for the hospital WMP team regarding ongoing management?
• How do construction projects influence Legionnaires' disease outbreaks?
• What key action should be taken if Legionella is found in a water system?
• What is a common practice to reduce the growth of Legionella in water systems during periods of stagnation?
• In water management plans, why is it important to monitor temperatures?
• According to CMS requirements, which facility type is exempt from implementing a water management program for Legionella?
• What action is recommended for unoccupied floors during a prolonged hotel shutdown to manage Legionella risk?
• What is important to consider for Legionella control in domestic hot water system design? (Select 3 answers)
• Under what condition should you record information for a central domestic hot water system?
• To whom should Legionella test results for routine samples collected in the absence of Legionnaires' disease be reported?
• Why is it important to manage Legionella risks in plumbing systems?
• What does OSHA recommend wearing while collecting samples from cooling towers?
• Which of the following best describes the nature of Legionella bacteria?
• True or False: Flow diagrams need to be detailed with every aspect of plumbing fittings and layouts.
• Why might a heating hot water system supplying air handling units not be a likely control location for Legionella?
• How many Legionella water management plans are required for four buildings owned by XYZ Corporation?
• What can be inferred about the hospital's current water safety protocols?
• What is the primary function of a thermostatic mixing valve?
• When should the same outlets be sampled again for Legionella testing?
• What is the primary strategy for preventing Legionnaires' disease according to the scientific community?
• Which type of cold water sample is more effective in minimizing hot water influence on testing results?
• How long should you wait after opening the drain valve before collecting a pre-flush sample?
• True or False: If action is only taken when certain strains of Legionella are detected, prevention of Legionnaires' disease may be compromised.
• True or False: It is appropriate to select a laboratory for Legionella culture services based solely on price due to its simplicity?
• For effective Legionella control, which of the following aspects is essential?
• Which aspect of building construction poses a higher risk for Legionella contamination?
• What is the minimum level of free chlorine used during the hyperchlorination process?
• With respect to domestic water systems in buildings, what does "stagnant" water refer to?
• What is the statement regarding cooling towers and their proximity to windows and sidewalks?
• What method is suggested to minimize the risk of Legionella transmission in health care settings?
• Did evidence after the 1976 outbreak suggest that Legionella had caused illness previously?
• Which is NOT an example of a point of water use (POU)?
• Which performance measurement is least beneficial for managing Legionella risk in a large building's domestic water system?
• Legionella bacteria embedded in biofilm are ______ resistant to chemical disinfectants and high temperatures compared to free-floating Legionella bacteria.
• How should an expansion tank be installed to ensure proper operation?
• Which type of water systems should be included in a Legionella water management plan survey?
• In a hospital's domestic water system, what should be done if Legionella is found in water dispensers?
• What is the optimum temperature range for multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to Legionella?
• Is it true or false that cold water samples should not be collected when sampling plumbing systems for Legionella?
• What role do drift eliminators play in cooling towers regarding Legionella risk?
• When checking water temperatures in an intensive care room, water should be run at:
• What is a critical factor to be considered when managing water cooling systems for Legionella prevention?
• True or False: Legionella is commonly found in samples from bottled water dispensers.
• Why is it important to control water temperature in domestic water systems?
• In the ASSE 12000 WICRA Forms document, how are Neuro Intensive Care Units classified?
• The detection limit is defined as the minimum number of what that a lab can detect?
• Which water system would likely provide the least benefit for routine Legionella sampling?
• How can hot water demand affect Legionella bacteria levels in a hospital?
• What should be the first step if discolored water is found at several faucets after a nearby water main break?
• When flushing the entire domestic water system due to Legionella risk, how should bathroom faucets in occupied patient rooms be flushed?
• What type of organism is Legionella?
• What is a key characteristic of Legionella pneumophila in terms of its growth conditions?
• What is the purpose of having a second laboratory test water samples for Legionella?
• Which approach is NOT recommended for dealing with Legionella in the hospital's water system?
• What is the role of biofilm in the context of Legionella bacteria?
• Which of the following should be omitted when recording data for a central domestic hot water system?
• A colony-forming unit (CFU) in Legionella culture results generally indicates what?
• What is the temperature range of the public water supply over six months of the year?
• For potable water systems, could opportunities to prevent Legionnaires' disease be missed if test results are interpreted by concentration alone?
• True or false: Insulating a hot water storage tank can help minimize temperature variation within the tank.
• What does the acronym POUDHW stand for in the context of water heating systems?
• How does chlorine's disinfection effectiveness change with pH levels?
• Long-term exposure to lead in drinking water can lead to developmental issues in children. What are these issues?
• If a cooling tower tests 1200 CFU/mL for Legionella, what should be the immediate response?
• Which of the following statements about Legionella is accepted by the scientific community?
• Is it true that only the species Pneumophila has been linked to Legionnaires' disease in the United States?
• Which of the following is a recommended practice for an effective Legionella management plan in common buildings?
• Which method is NOT effective in controlling Legionella growth in plumbing systems?
• What are the two key factors determining the potential effect of a dead-leg on a domestic water system?
• When collecting a sample for Legionella testing from a cooling tower, when should the sample be taken?
• Which component is critical in a central domestic hot water system under survey?
• True or False: Flow diagrams for a Legionella water management plan must illustrate the routing of piping between buildings and be drawn at a specific scale.
• Which of the following events should be well managed to minimize the risk of Legionnaires' disease in a building's domestic water system?
• Which action is essential for minimizing Legionella risk in back-up water supply feeds to a building?
• Which of the following is not likely to be a control location?
• What is the primary benefit of avoiding unnecessary piping, valves, fittings, and fixtures in domestic water systems regarding Legionella control?
• What should be done in a hospital where Legionella positivity is consistently greater than 70% after hyperchlorination?
• What is the primary method for studying and understanding Legionella's impact on public health?
• According to the CDC Toolkit on water management, what is the primary purpose of the toolkit?
• Total coliform tests can indicate the possibility of what type of contamination?
• Heating hot water systems typically supply which of the following?
• When should a water treatment program for Legionella control be implemented for cooling towers serving new buildings?
• What is an example of limits for the control measure of keeping cooling tower basins free of built-up materials?
• Control measures are considered the most important part of a Legionella water management plan because they minimize the risk of Legionnaires' disease. True or False?
• True or False: Heating hot water systems (HHW) are systems that supply hot water to kitchens and bathroom fixtures.
• Can biofilms that form on pipe walls protect Legionella bacteria from disinfectants?
• States that regulate supplemental disinfection of domestic water systems typically do NOT require reporting of which test results per the Safe Drinking Water Act?
• What might water restrictions at a nursing home specifically include?
• True or False: All tenants in a building are responsible for maintaining Legionella control measures within their kitchenette systems.
• What is the recommended action for a 7-story building before new occupants move in after being shut down for nine months?
• According to the SDWA, what is the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for Legionella?
• What is an effective method to manage Legionella in a hospital water system?
• Which components should be photographed for a Legionella water management plan?
• A control location in a water system refers to what?
• What does the term "positivity" refer to in the context of Legionella testing?
• A central domestic hot water system typically does what?
• In a facility's water management plan, what is the significance of a baseline assessment?
• What is a recommended monitoring method for the control measure of cooling tower basin buildup?
• What plumbing feature is commonly associated with areas of potential stagnation in domestic water systems?
• What are domestic water crossover lines?
• What method is deemed unreliable for validating a Legionella water management plan?
• What is the primary focus of a Legionella water management plan?
• If Legionella is detected in a sample from a decorative fountain, which is an inappropriate factor to consider for further action?
• What type of sample should be collected to assess the Legionella level in the water supply?
• In the sampling process, which type of hot water sample is generally more likely to contain Legionella at higher concentrations?
• In a domestic hot water system (DHWS), segments that are stagnant for a day or longer will likely be?
• According to the 2021 International Plumbing Code, what are the required concentrations of free chlorine when disinfecting a new building's domestic water system?
• What is a recommended method to minimize Legionella risk in cold water storage tanks?
• What key difference exists between cold water samples from a hotel bathroom faucet and a drinking fountain?
• After Legionella detection in the plumbing system, what long-term action might be taken?
• What are the acceptable temperature ranges for cold and hot water according to ASSE guidelines?
• For hospitals suspecting Legionella contamination following a water main break, how should flushing be ideally conducted?
• Which is typically NOT a water processing step?
• What is the primary goal in managing water systems concerning Legionella?
• Which of the following is NOT true regarding the implementation of Legionella control measures?
• What type of diagram shows the flow of water systems without unnecessary details?
• Is Pontiac fever a highly contagious illness with a death rate of nearly 50%?
• Is maintaining chlorine at 50 ppm for 24 hours sufficient for ensuring a domestic water system is Legionella-safe long-term?
• Which of the following is true regarding cooling tower water testing?
• The water management team for a facility must include which of the following?
• For each control measure, the Legionella water management plan should include which of the following?
• Which type of facility is more likely to require multiple Legionella water management plans?
• A Legionella water management plan should be updated regularly based on new scientific findings and test results. True or False?
• What is a critical feature of effective water system inventories?
• How can routine Legionella sampling within a facility impact public health?
• True or False: Only smokers or those who are immunocompromised are at risk for Legionnaires' disease.
• An example of a bypass in a domestic water system is...
• Which option should the hospital's WMP team undertake regarding the POE Legionella findings?
• If ice machines in a hospital test positive for Legionella multiple times, what should the WMP team do?
• Which of the following is a common function of a backflow prevention device?
• What is one characteristic of Legionella control measures?
• What is a potential method to ensure tenant compliance with Legionella preventive maintenance?
• Legionella control measures should be characterized as which of the following?
• As an office building owner responsible for central water systems, which steps can you take to control Legionella in leased kitchenette systems?
• What is a primary concern associated with water temperature in hot water systems?
• Which factor is most likely to affect Legionella levels at an outlet?
• How has the hospital responded to their identified Legionella issue based on previous measures?
• What percentage of Legionnaires' disease cases is typically diagnosed?
• Which of the following should Legionella control measures be implemented in?
• In plumbing systems, what does the term 'fixture unit' generally refer to?
• Why is Sodium Thiosulfate used in water samples during testing?
• What should be the primary focus when interpreting Legionella test results for preventative actions?
• Which factor would likely NOT influence the need for a Legionella water management plan?
• If water systems are tested properly for Legionella, what can be achieved?
• What is one incorrect statement about the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of Legionella testing?
• What should be the primary focus when flushing a domestic water system to mitigate Legionella risk?
• Domestic hot water systems commonly supply which of the following?
• What protocol should be followed if high levels of Legionella are detected in hotel water systems?
• When planning to flush the domestic water system after an extended shutdown, what factors must be considered?
• What is a common misconception about Legionella bacteria?
• True or False: Studies have shown that installing large carbon filters on the water supply is an excellent method of Legionella control.
• What is the only document that can be viewed while taking the ASSE 12080 exam?
• What could be a cause of inconsistent hot water temperatures at faucets? (Select 2 answers)
• True or False: It may be better to collect cooling tower samples into untreated bottles before adding Sodium Thiosulfate.
• Which of the following would likely be most helpful in determining the degree of organic load in a building's domestic water system following a water main break?
• How should a hot water pre-flush sample be collected?
• Which test results are unnecessary to record for a central domestic hot water system?
• How many cases define an outbreak according to the CDC for a water management program?
• Is it essential to consider the strain of Legionella found in water samples during testing?
• Legionella control measures must be adapted based on which of the following?
• To sample water near the bottom of a cooling tower basin, how should the bottle be positioned?
• What is a key responsibility of tenants in regards to Legionella management in building systems?
• True or False: Automated booster pumps are typically used to pump water to lower floors when city water pressure is too high.
• Which demographic is at high risk for Legionnaires' Disease in hospital settings?
• Water returned to a cooling tower to be cooled most likely enters...
• Which factor is crucial when monitoring water systems for Legionella control?
• Why is the potential for a false positive low when testing Legionella by the culture method?
• Comparing the temperatures of the domestic hot water supply and return can help to:
• When evaluating water quality post-maintenance, which indicator most clearly shows the effective management of Legionella risk?
• On what basis are guidelines to prevent Legionnaires' disease primarily established?
• What factor can be indicated by comparing pre-flush and post-flush results in Legionella testing?
• According to AWWA C651 standard, what is the required free chlorine level and soak time for hyperchlorination?
• What should be done if testing shows a significant Legionella presence?
• Which type of strainer typically has a drain valve located on a stem extending at an angle below the strainer?
• Which tasks can be performed without Legionella expertise?
• What type of microorganism is responsible for causing Legionnaires' disease?
• How many times has the hospital hyperchlorinated the domestic water in the past 9 months?
• Which statement is true regarding decorative fountains and Legionella risk?
• True or False: A Legionella water management plan is required to include photographs of water systems.
• Many outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease have been associated with which of the following?
• What is a key consideration when implementing a Legionella water management plan?
• In water at 60 degrees C, approximately how long does it take for Legionella pneumophila to die?
• The American Society of _________ Engineers issued standards for valves that automatically compensate for temperature or pressure.
• Master thermostatic mixing valves are typically...
• What is the recommended remediation method for a faucet found to have Legionella pneumophila without any disinfectant residual?
• Following a major water main break, how should a facility prioritize risk management regarding Legionella?
• What should a building operator be prepared to do before sampling?
• For validation, what is the maximum allowable heterotrophic plate count (HPC) in water systems, according to AWWA C651?
• One water management plan can cover multiple buildings if they are located where?
• In a hospital, what does a Legionella-negative test result indicate when samples are collected and analyzed properly?
• What defines a "hospital-acquired" case of Legionnaires' disease?
• Legionella bacteria thrive in what type of water conditions?
• What proactive measure is advised for reducing Legionella risks in healthcare facilities?
• What action should be taken to protect patients against Legionella in a water system?
• A central domestic water point-of-entry filter typically...
• True or false: Facility personnel can be confident that the peak hot water temperature will consistently be within 1 degree C of the water heater setting in large building systems.
• What is the correct method for adding Sodium Thiosulfate to cooling tower basin samples?
• For accurate exposure assessment, where should a water sample be collected from?
• What is the primary aim of the verification person in a water management plan?
• What is a recommended practice when storing collected water samples?
• When measuring the water temperature at a faucet for sampling, where should the thermometer probe be placed?
• Does a negative test for coliform bacteria confirm the absence of Legionella and other pathogens?
• How should a major domestic water system valve be opened to minimize jolt to the system?
• Is it worth collecting both a pre- and post-flush hot water sample at faucets that seldom get used? True or False?
• Why is maintaining proper temperature in domestic hot water systems important?
• When responding to Legionella test results from cooling towers, which factor is generally not considered?
• True or False: In hospitals with high-risk patients and no disinfectant residual, it's vital to flush every outlet daily for at least 5 minutes.
• Where should the sample number and description be recorded for a water sample?
• What is a key factor in maintaining safe water temperatures within plumbing systems?
• How can Legionella risk in a bypass around a major valve be minimized?
• What chemical is likely needed for each routine sampling round?
• For follow-up testing after chlorination of a contaminated domestic water system, when should the first test be conducted?
• A "domestic hot water return pump" typically refers to what?
• When applying supplemental disinfection, which method is least likely to produce disinfection byproducts?
• Is it true or false that biofilm can deliver high levels of Legionella to fixtures as it grows and breaks off?
• What is advised for back-up water supply feeds to a building regarding Legionella risk?
• Why is it suggested not to re-sample certain outlets until others have been tested?
• What role does Sodium Thiosulfate play in Legionella testing?
• Legionella control measures should be described as which of the following?
• What is the objective of collecting a post-flush sample?
• Heterotrophic Plate Count and total cell count are tests used to assess which type of bacteria?
• In a scenario where a building has two water heaters and one is under repair, what is the risk of Legionella if managed improperly?
• Does the CMS memorandum QSO-17-30-Hospitals/CAHs/NHs require hospitals to test their water systems for Legionella?
• Which is NOT true about swamp coolers?
• What could be the best interpretation of Legionella test results from decorative fountains?
• A backflow preventer (BFP) is typically used to protect what?
• Is it true that the water systems inventory and flow diagrams should cover all water systems, not just those with Legionella risk?
• During a hotel shutdown of three floors for six months, what is the most effective measure for Legionella control?
• Is static water in decorative fountains a potential risk for Legionella growth?
• Why is it important to sample upstream in the water system?
• Which of the following systems is NOT a focus for implementing Legionella control measures?
• An example of a typical point-of-use domestic water heater is...
• True or False: A full investigation for Legionnaires' Disease is unnecessary if only one case is identified at a correctional facility.
• What is the accurate statement about the Legionella risk presented by cooling towers?
• How often might a nursing home reasonably perform routine sampling for Legionella?
• Which two actions are most effective in minimizing Legionella risk associated with crossover lines?
• What factor most likely affects the severity of Legionella risk in a domestic water system following a construction project or water main break?
• Why is it recommended to collect both pre-flush and post-flush samples from drinking fountains?
• Which items are essential to include in the water systems inventory and flow diagrams?
• Approximately how many days later should a final follow-up test occur for additional Legionella control measures?
• How should Legionella test sample results be communicated for domestic water systems?
• True or False: Some shower valves have a combination of thermostatic and pressure balance features.
• A master thermostatic mixing valve is typically installed just downstream of a water heater to accomplish what?
• Which treatment is commonly used for Legionnaire's disease?
• What is a corrective action for maintaining cooling tower basins free of build-up?
• True or False: Central domestic hot water systems are typically located at the highest floors of a building.
• What action should be taken if Legionella is found in a potable water system just before students return to a dormitory?
• When Legionella pneumophila is detected at 1,400 CFU/mL in a cooling tower, what is the best sequence of procedures for disinfection?
• What is a potential consequence of sampling too frequently from the same outlet?
• What is a primary focus of developing a Legionella water management plan?
• What is the average Legionella positivity percentage in the domestic water system of the hospital over six sampling dates?
• Can stagnation in redundant water systems be minimized by operational setups?
• Is it true that validation pertains only to specific steps or control measures?
• For which context is testing total bacteria (heterotrophic plate count) considered an acceptable validation method?
• When determining Legionella control measures, what should be regarded?
• Why is flushing important in systems to manage Legionella risks?
• True or False: Protective measures should be enforced if Legionella is found near a high-risk individual, regardless of the sample's positivity level.
• True or False: Legionella expertise is essential for surveying a facility's water systems and constructing flow diagrams.
• What is significant about the temperature range of the public water supply?
• Is it true that the water management team should include all employees and vendors involved in implementing the plan?
• Why is it crucial to manage temporary domestic water system shutdowns effectively?
• Which of the following is paramount in a Legionella water management plan?
• When collecting cooling tower samples, where should the sample be taken?
• True or False: Biofilm can protect Legionella bacteria from disinfection efforts.
• What is the average concentration of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 in hot-water samples from a specific ICU faucet?
• In a hospital with 400 beds and eight stories, how many hot water samples should be collected for reasonable representation?
• In an 8-story apartment building with issues of discolored water post-water main break, what should the response to flushing be?
• Which of the following is recommended for reducing Legionella growth in plumbing systems?
• Should the Legionella positivity rate of all samples collected from a potable water system be the primary consideration for disinfecting an ice machine?
• Approximately what percentage of Legionnaires' disease cases among hospital patients are diagnosed according to the CDC?
• What is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for chlorine according to US EPA regulations?
• In which part of the domestic water system can you expect the highest risk for Legionella proliferation?
• What should be included in the corrective actions of a Legionella water management plan?
• For a water management plan, the survey's objective is to __________ the water systems and their key components.
• Which type of shower valve limits the maximum water delivery temperature using temperature sensors?
• Which demographic is most at risk for developing Legionnaires' disease?
• What should be done to ensure a sample is collected from the hot water tank rather than the cold water supply?
• What is a significant reason to conduct a Legionella hazard analysis?
• What is the significance of a thorough pre-flush sampling?
• Which of the following is a recommended practice to mitigate Legionella risk in decorative fountains?
• What could be a consequence of Legionella-positive findings in healthcare facilities?
• Which system is not required to be surveyed as part of a Legionella water management plan?
• The best next step for an ice machine testing Legionella-positive each month for 6 months is to do all but which of the following?
• When equipment injects a chemical disinfectant in a building, what can be expected from faucets used weekly?
• How many Legionella species are known, and how many have been linked to Legionnaires' disease?
• Cooling towers are commonly used for what purpose?
• Which population is at an increased risk of contracting Legionnaires' disease?
• Which disinfectant applied near the point of entry is least likely to provide residual throughout the domestic water system?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the primary steps involved in developing a Legionella water management plan?
• The main function of a cooling tower is to...
• True or False: Bottled water dispensers filled with treated water do not need to be included in Legionella surveys.
• Is it true or false that Legionnaires' disease is primarily an environmental issue and is not transmitted person to person?
• What should organizational flow diagrams include, aside from points in the system?
• Which of the following identifies how stagnation in crossover lines can be minimized?
• How does proper maintenance of domestic water systems contribute to Legionella safety?
• A Legionella hazard analysis typically varies how?
• Which type of water system has not been commonly associated with Legionnaires' disease outbreaks?
• True or False: Three key factors in the design and selection of water heaters and mixing valves regarding Legionella control are stagnation, temperature, and surface area.
• Why is proper balancing of a domestic hot water recirculation system essential?
• True or False: A hotel with high domestic water Legionella positivity can eliminate control measures with a properly designed supplemental disinfection system.
• True or False: Using standardized sample description abbreviations aids the laboratory's report of the Legionella test results.
• An "outbreak" of Legionnaires' disease means that how many person(s) were exposed to Legionella in the same place and became ill around the same time?
• When should information for a kitchen or laundry central hot water system be recorded?
• According to ASHRAE Standard 188, what is necessary to ensure a water management program is effective?
• In terms of risk management for Legionella, what is a crucial action following a water system disruption?
• True or False: A backflow preventer (BFP) is designed to ensure water flows in only one direction at the installation point.
• What can be concluded about small cooling towers and Legionella?
• How should duplicate samples be collected for quality assurance?
• How can individuals contract a legionella infection?
• Where is the public water main tap usually located for a given building?
• Are the criteria for requiring sampling in a law identical to those for a building?
• What can be a potential outcome if water stagnation is improper in a building?
• According to the text, which organism is indicated as being found in positive test rounds?
• When surveying domestic water points of building entry, which of the following should not be recorded?
• Which of the following is NOT a potential outcome of diagnosed Legionnaires' disease?
• True or false: During a large hospital's peak hot water demand, Legionella bacteria in water entering a primary water heater set at 60 degrees Celsius will likely die before exiting the water heater.
• Which type of drinking fountain is likely to be more prone to Legionella growth due to its design?
• Checking domestic cold water temperatures can be beneficial for a Legionella prevention program. Which of the following is a valid reason?
• What type of pathogens are targeted in the water management program mandated by the CMS?
• Swab samples are always preferred over water samples for collecting Legionella risk indicators in showers. Is this statement true or false?
• What is the primary method recommended by the CDC for Legionella testing?
• According to CDC recommendations, how much Sodium Thiosulfate should be used for a 1 liter sample?
• What must each Legionella control measure be subject to?
• What is the significance of performing thorough water testing in hospitals?
• To minimize stagnation in Legionella control, how should redundant water heaters and pumps be operated?
• How should Legionella control measures be monitored?
• What is an appropriate action to take for a decorative fountain that has shown consistent Legionella presence in quarterly tests?
• What is one reason for performing a post-flush sample over a pre-flush sample?
• For the purpose of a water management program for building water systems, "domestic water" has basically the same meaning as?
• True or False: If Legionella is detected in the public water supply, there is no need to inform the water supplier.
• What is a critical factor to maintain for effective Legionella management?
• What role does biofilm play in Legionella assessment?
• What range of disinfectant residual has been observed at the public water supply point of entry?
• Legionella management plans should be based on which type of documentation?
• Can Legionella sampling and testing lead to the elimination of a control program if done correctly?
• What should be done when Legionella serogroup 6 is found in a domestic water system during a building assessment?
• What is the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Total Trihalomethanes as per US EPA regulations?
• What is NOT required to be included in photographs taken for a Legionella water management plan of decorative fountains?
• What is the purpose of flow diagrams in a water systems survey?
• Which of the following is not an essential component of water management plans for controlling Legionella?
• What is one of the key responsibilities of legionella expertise?
• True or False: Cold water storage tanks should ideally be located away from sources of heat.
• True or False: Switching water vendors can typically resolve Legionella issues found in bottled water dispensers.
• When surveying a water management plan, what should be the primary focus?
• What is the first indicator for Legionella control in water systems according to testing results?
• For which systems should you note the type of backflow prevention on the line from a domestic water system?
• Water softening equipment is typically NOT installed on lines supplying which of the following?
• What effect does stagnation have on water remaining in building piping?
• What is the purpose of establishing validation procedures in a Legionella management plan?
• Why is it important to monitor cooling towers for Legionella?
• Which one of the following is NOT a step in developing a Legionella water management plan?
• Which statement is true regarding Legionella and its association with plumbing systems?
• What type of disinfection system does the hospital lack for its domestic water system?
• True or False: The primary function of an expansion tank is to absorb air or pressure from the plumbing system.
• Which activity is crucial for a water management plan concerning legacy plumbing systems?
• Which document provides guidelines to help reduce the risk associated with Legionella?
• When assessing water systems for Legionella, which factor is considered essential?
• Which of the following is typically NOT a source of supply for lawn irrigation systems?
• The objective of the water systems hazard analysis in a Legionella management plan includes determining potential for Legionella growth. What is another objective?
• How soon should water samples be delivered to the laboratory after collection?
• What is the Legionella-positive test result for the public water supply in the last three sampling rounds?
• What can be said about the characteristics of biofilms in relation to Legionella bacteria?
• Is it necessary to flush water from a bypass before allowing it to pass to the building?
• What type of samples are appropriate for validating a Legionella water management plan?
• Which type of water system is unlikely to provide benefit from routine Legionella sampling?
• What is the appropriate filling level for water sample bottles in Legionella culture procedures?
• Is it true or false that legionellosis refers to any illness caused by Legionella bacteria?
• Legionella pneumophila will multiply in water within what temperature range?
• What is the recommended volume of water sample to collect for outbreak investigations according to the CDC?
• What information should be recorded on a survey for CT?
• If Legionella was found only in pre-flush samples at 220 and 140 CFU/mL from water heaters, what should be allowed as a reasonable response?
• What term is used to describe the minimum number of Legionella organisms that a laboratory can detect?
• The main goal of a facility survey in developing a water management plan is to __________ the water systems.
• Positivity for Legionella should be calculated based on results from which samples?
• What technology should be considered for continuous long-term control of Legionella in water systems?
• What type of analysis is crucial for Legionella water management?
• A cooling tower drift eliminator helps to minimize Legionella risk by...
• What is the acceptable coliform level indicated by AWWA C651 following a disinfection procedure?
• A Z-plate strainer is typically used to remove large particles from water flowing into a...
• Which of the following systems is crucial for reducing the growth of Legionella in plumbing systems?
• What two factors greatly influence the success of hyperchlorination for disinfecting a domestic water system?
• According to AWWA C651, how much time should pass after the disinfection procedure before sampling for coliform analysis?
• True or False: Temperature problems can be caused by cross connections at shower mixing valves or kitchen sink sprayers.
• What should be done if high water temperatures are detected in a system?
• Which type of shower valve is designed to control the volume of hot and cold water to protect against sudden temperature changes?
• In Legionella water management, which status is most crucial for control measures?
• How long after chlorination should a second follow-up test for Legionella be performed according to CDC recommendations?
• Water lost from a cooling tower by evaporation is replenished by?
• Which of the following is not known to harbor Legionella bacteria?
• What information can be gained by checking the city water disinfectant level?
• What is a common method used to control Legionella growth in building water systems?
• In segments of the domestic cold water system (DCWS) that are stagnant for two days, what is expected regarding free chlorine levels compared to segments used frequently?
• How soon prior to occupancy should domestic water systems in new buildings be disinfected, according to ASHRAE Standard 188?
• Turbidity is a measure of what property of water?
• What should be done with samples from a Legionella-positive outlet?
• Which of the following is not recommended to be included in sample descriptions?
• What method is considered the most direct validation of a Legionella management plan in a building?
• What does "MCL" stand for in the context of the US EPA Safe Drinking Water Act?
• According to the CDC Toolkit, reported cases of Legionnaires' disease in the U.S. from 2000 to 2015 showed what trend?
• What action should be taken if Legionella is found in a sample from a Whirlpool spa?
• What was the highest concentration of Legionella found in the dormitory water samples?
• In developing a Legionella water management plan, which step is NOT included?
• Chlorite is a disinfection byproduct of which substance?
• To which group of patients have ice machines been linked in relation to Legionnaires' disease?
• What is the focus of the water system hazard analysis in relation to Legionella?
• Which of the following would be considered a key part of a Legionella control strategy?
• What certification should a laboratory have for Legionella culture testing in the United States?